Post by Admin on Jan 17, 2018 19:41:32 GMT
PEER REVIEW
(A = >80% complete; B = 50-80%; C = <50% complete)
(B)_1. Supercontinent Formation
_Earth's radioactive elements are concentrated near the surface and dissipate their heat. Earth is losing 44 terawatts of heat, while radioactive elements are adding 24 terawatts at the surface. The total heat loss is 20 terawatts. Once a rocky planetoid forms, it loses the first 80% of its primordial heat within 1000 years. The final 20% is lost more gradually. The low-viscosity of Earth's asthenosphere (a layer between the crust and upper mantle) indicates that Earth is in the latter stages of cooling. So the age of the Earth should be in the millions of years at most. The Earth had developed a solid basalt crust a few km thick and was then struck by a Moon-sized or larger impactor, which totally melted during impact and formed a granitic supercontinent.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation44.html
_Radiometric dating involves a tenuous chain of assumptions and documented errors well known to creationists.
_Uranium decays to radiogenic lead 207 and 206. Thorium decays to radiogenic lead 208. But common lead 204 can transform into "radiogenic" lead by capture of free neutrons from a radioactive ore deposit such as uranium. Lead 208 usually comprises most of the lead in deposits, which is likely derived from neutron capture by Lead 207 but attributed instead to Thorium decay. The other types of radiometric dating have the same problem, except for C14. Lavas from volcanic eruptions in recent historical times in Hawaii and New Zealand show that those dating methods are wrong by nearly millions of years or more.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation41.html
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
REQUESTS:
1. explanation of supercontinent granite formation chemistry
2. explanation of plankton fossils found at great depth (~7km)
3. explanation of fracturing of the granite to similar depths.
(A)_2. Meteor Bombardment
_Dust detectors left by 3 Apollo missions show 1 mm of dust building up every thousand years; so if the rate were steady and the depth now is an inch, dusting began about 25 thousand years ago. But if the meteor bombardment (LHB) started the dusting, it was probably much heavier initially; so most of the dust probably arrived in the first thousand years or so. This means the meteor bombardment likely started less than 15 thousand years ago.
_On Earth the bombardment caused the Great Flood & sedimentation on the supercontinent.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
(A)_3. Supercontinent Breakup
_The largest impact occurred late in the bombardment. The continents all appear to have moved away from a central point off the east coast of Africa just north of Madagascar, where there happens to be a unique 800 km diamater crater-like depression (well over twice the diameter of the next largest known Earth crater, the 300 km diameter Vredefort crater in south Africa).
_It appears that the former supercontinent, Pangaea, was broken up by an impactor at that depression.
_The ocean floor crust at that location, covering the entire circular depression, is much more rigid than anywhere else on Earth, apparently from the crater filling to great depth with magma and solidifying.
See newgeology.us/EarthTides.jpg
_Earth's by-far greatest gravity low just south of Sri Lanka and India is evidence of a deeper crater in the mantle.
See newgeology.us/GravityMapSmall.jpg
_The impactor likely had enough momentum to completely penetrate the crust and lodge in the mantle. The lithosphere decoupled briefly from the mantle at the Moho and moved 3500 km over the mantle before recoupling at Sri Lanka. The following figure shows the locations of the impact site in both the lithosphere and the mantle.
See www.newgeology.us/TwoSpotsSmall.jpg
_The next two figures show where the continents likely fit together at the time of impact.
See newgeology.us/AfAusBukl2.jpg
See newgeology.us/WWEarlySep6.jpg
_As Plate Tectonics proponents discovered, the Atlantic shores of the Americas and Africa and Europe match well at the 1,000 meter depth in outline, stratigraphy and fossils (according to Wegener), showing the likely former connection in the Pangaea supercontinent.
_Transform faults in the Atlantic show the former connections. The next image with transform faults shows a possible former connection between Antarctica & Australia, but their connection to Africa isn't clear here.
See www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/Size4/D5005/7048000.jpg
REQUESTS:
1. evidence that the seafloor spreading center between Australia & Antarctica and the one at the East Pacific Rise are much older than the one at the Mid Atlantic Ridge
2. stronger evidence that Australia & Antarctica were originally located next to east Africa (Why are no tektites found in Africa near the impact site?)
(A)_4. Continental Sliding (Rapid Continental Drift)
The Moho layer under the oceanic and continental crust, shown by seismic waves, appears to be a zone of rock density change. Assuming the continents slid over the Moho layer immediately after the Shock Dynamics impact, due to fluidization (common in long runout underwater landslides of greater thickness {see www.newgeology.us/presentation10.html }) and or low-friction plasma there, calculations show that a 42 km diameter impactor moving west to east and impacting north of Madagascar at a 30 degree angle, would have had enough force to form the large, deep crater and to move the Americas, Antarctica, Australia and the India plate, as well as the entire lithosphere, to near the present locations. The mantle would have advanced under the decoupled lithosphere because of normal Earth rotation, until the lithosphere recoupled to it, with both then resuming rotation together.
See newgeology.us/presentation26.html
(A)_5. Mountain Formation
_The impact force could account for formation of mountains on the near sides of sliding continents by impulse folding.
See newgeology.us/InsideMounts.jpg
_And mountain ranges on the far sides of sliding continents could have formed by friction-heating expansion and folding.
See newgeology.us/OutsideMounts.jpg
_The Himalaya Mountains could have formed by plate collisional folding, as Plate Tectonics agrees.
NOTE to EU: Electric Discharge models may help explain mountain uplift, but more data is needed to determine how much influence E.D. may have had.
(B)_6. Sedimentary Rock Strata Formation
After the supercontinent formed, erosion caused sand and mud to wash onto the continental shelf for millennia. Before the Shock Dynamics impact occurred, the meteor bombardment caused a global flood, with tsunamis that deposited sediment from the shelf onto the supercontinent with ocean lime cements that formed sedimentary rock strata. These strata then folded and uplifted in the orogenic belts during the SD impact event.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
REQUEST: evidence for the statement at www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html , that "The flat layers of sedimentary rock laid down by the Flood were folded and faulted [centuries] after they had solidified (by Shock Dynamics tectonics), not during the Flood", i.e. evidence that hardened strata as seen in mountains are more likely to fold by shock, than that soft unlithified strata are to fold by horizontal compression with or without shock, i.e. evidence that the shock at the main impact site would transfer thousands of kilometers without significant reduction in strength.
(A = >80% complete; B = 50-80%; C = <50% complete)
(B)_1. Supercontinent Formation
_Earth's radioactive elements are concentrated near the surface and dissipate their heat. Earth is losing 44 terawatts of heat, while radioactive elements are adding 24 terawatts at the surface. The total heat loss is 20 terawatts. Once a rocky planetoid forms, it loses the first 80% of its primordial heat within 1000 years. The final 20% is lost more gradually. The low-viscosity of Earth's asthenosphere (a layer between the crust and upper mantle) indicates that Earth is in the latter stages of cooling. So the age of the Earth should be in the millions of years at most. The Earth had developed a solid basalt crust a few km thick and was then struck by a Moon-sized or larger impactor, which totally melted during impact and formed a granitic supercontinent.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation44.html
_Radiometric dating involves a tenuous chain of assumptions and documented errors well known to creationists.
_Uranium decays to radiogenic lead 207 and 206. Thorium decays to radiogenic lead 208. But common lead 204 can transform into "radiogenic" lead by capture of free neutrons from a radioactive ore deposit such as uranium. Lead 208 usually comprises most of the lead in deposits, which is likely derived from neutron capture by Lead 207 but attributed instead to Thorium decay. The other types of radiometric dating have the same problem, except for C14. Lavas from volcanic eruptions in recent historical times in Hawaii and New Zealand show that those dating methods are wrong by nearly millions of years or more.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation41.html
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
REQUESTS:
1. explanation of supercontinent granite formation chemistry
2. explanation of plankton fossils found at great depth (~7km)
3. explanation of fracturing of the granite to similar depths.
(A)_2. Meteor Bombardment
_Dust detectors left by 3 Apollo missions show 1 mm of dust building up every thousand years; so if the rate were steady and the depth now is an inch, dusting began about 25 thousand years ago. But if the meteor bombardment (LHB) started the dusting, it was probably much heavier initially; so most of the dust probably arrived in the first thousand years or so. This means the meteor bombardment likely started less than 15 thousand years ago.
_On Earth the bombardment caused the Great Flood & sedimentation on the supercontinent.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
(A)_3. Supercontinent Breakup
_The largest impact occurred late in the bombardment. The continents all appear to have moved away from a central point off the east coast of Africa just north of Madagascar, where there happens to be a unique 800 km diamater crater-like depression (well over twice the diameter of the next largest known Earth crater, the 300 km diameter Vredefort crater in south Africa).
_It appears that the former supercontinent, Pangaea, was broken up by an impactor at that depression.
_The ocean floor crust at that location, covering the entire circular depression, is much more rigid than anywhere else on Earth, apparently from the crater filling to great depth with magma and solidifying.
See newgeology.us/EarthTides.jpg
_Earth's by-far greatest gravity low just south of Sri Lanka and India is evidence of a deeper crater in the mantle.
See newgeology.us/GravityMapSmall.jpg
_The impactor likely had enough momentum to completely penetrate the crust and lodge in the mantle. The lithosphere decoupled briefly from the mantle at the Moho and moved 3500 km over the mantle before recoupling at Sri Lanka. The following figure shows the locations of the impact site in both the lithosphere and the mantle.
See www.newgeology.us/TwoSpotsSmall.jpg
_The next two figures show where the continents likely fit together at the time of impact.
See newgeology.us/AfAusBukl2.jpg
See newgeology.us/WWEarlySep6.jpg
_As Plate Tectonics proponents discovered, the Atlantic shores of the Americas and Africa and Europe match well at the 1,000 meter depth in outline, stratigraphy and fossils (according to Wegener), showing the likely former connection in the Pangaea supercontinent.
_Transform faults in the Atlantic show the former connections. The next image with transform faults shows a possible former connection between Antarctica & Australia, but their connection to Africa isn't clear here.
See www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/Size4/D5005/7048000.jpg
REQUESTS:
1. evidence that the seafloor spreading center between Australia & Antarctica and the one at the East Pacific Rise are much older than the one at the Mid Atlantic Ridge
2. stronger evidence that Australia & Antarctica were originally located next to east Africa (Why are no tektites found in Africa near the impact site?)
(A)_4. Continental Sliding (Rapid Continental Drift)
The Moho layer under the oceanic and continental crust, shown by seismic waves, appears to be a zone of rock density change. Assuming the continents slid over the Moho layer immediately after the Shock Dynamics impact, due to fluidization (common in long runout underwater landslides of greater thickness {see www.newgeology.us/presentation10.html }) and or low-friction plasma there, calculations show that a 42 km diameter impactor moving west to east and impacting north of Madagascar at a 30 degree angle, would have had enough force to form the large, deep crater and to move the Americas, Antarctica, Australia and the India plate, as well as the entire lithosphere, to near the present locations. The mantle would have advanced under the decoupled lithosphere because of normal Earth rotation, until the lithosphere recoupled to it, with both then resuming rotation together.
See newgeology.us/presentation26.html
(A)_5. Mountain Formation
_The impact force could account for formation of mountains on the near sides of sliding continents by impulse folding.
See newgeology.us/InsideMounts.jpg
_And mountain ranges on the far sides of sliding continents could have formed by friction-heating expansion and folding.
See newgeology.us/OutsideMounts.jpg
_The Himalaya Mountains could have formed by plate collisional folding, as Plate Tectonics agrees.
NOTE to EU: Electric Discharge models may help explain mountain uplift, but more data is needed to determine how much influence E.D. may have had.
(B)_6. Sedimentary Rock Strata Formation
After the supercontinent formed, erosion caused sand and mud to wash onto the continental shelf for millennia. Before the Shock Dynamics impact occurred, the meteor bombardment caused a global flood, with tsunamis that deposited sediment from the shelf onto the supercontinent with ocean lime cements that formed sedimentary rock strata. These strata then folded and uplifted in the orogenic belts during the SD impact event.
See www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html
REQUEST: evidence for the statement at www.newgeology.us/presentation30.html , that "The flat layers of sedimentary rock laid down by the Flood were folded and faulted [centuries] after they had solidified (by Shock Dynamics tectonics), not during the Flood", i.e. evidence that hardened strata as seen in mountains are more likely to fold by shock, than that soft unlithified strata are to fold by horizontal compression with or without shock, i.e. evidence that the shock at the main impact site would transfer thousands of kilometers without significant reduction in strength.