Post by Admin on Mar 3, 2018 3:27:17 GMT
CNPS Special Project #2 SUMMARY
by Lloyd Kinder
This project was conceived by Bruce Nappi last summer, 2017, for the purpose of studying possible means of improving scientific method for CNPS. Bruce allowed me to lead the project and to choose what science topic to cover from a small list. I chose Earth Theories and we decided that the project would review James Maxlow's Expansion Tectonics model (popular among CNPS members) and compare it with other Earth Theories, as well as to consider possible experiments to prove or disprove models. I invited numerous theorists to join in a discussion of Earth Theories. Here is a summary of highlights and an evaluation of models.
I. MODELS
II. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR COMPARISON OF MODELS
III. REQUESTS FOR EACH MODEL
IV. DISCUSSIONS LINKS
V. MODELS CONSIDERED FAIRLY COMPLETE
I. EARTH MODELS __ PROPONENTS & __ WEBSITE SOURCES
1. MS: Mainstream __ John Weirich [& Doug Ettinger at #7] & Wikipedia __ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics
2. ET: Expansion Tectonics __ James Maxlow __ www.expansiontectonics.com
2a. ET2: Expansion Tectonics __ David Noel __ www.aoi.com.au/EP/EP303.htm
2b. GM: Growing Matter __ Eugene Ellis __ ionic-expanding-earth.Weebly.com
3. ST: Surge Tectonics __ Dong Choi __ ncgt.org __ forums.naturalphilosophy.org/showthread.php?tid=113
4. EU: Electric Universe __ Bruce Leybourne & Robert Farrar __ iascc.org __ holoscience.com __ thunderbolts.info __ www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=16534
4a. EU2: Andy Hall __ andrewdhall.wordpress.com/2016/06/05/arc-blast __ thedailyplasma.blog/2016/09/16/arc-blast-part-one
5. EMM: Earth Metamorphosis __ Doug Ettinger __ EttingerJournals.com
6. ESU: Electrostatic Universe __ Charles Chandler __ qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=6031
7. SD: Shock Dynamics __ Mike Fischer __ NewGeology.us __ (LK1-4) funday.createaforum.com/index.php
II. QUESTIONS FOR EACH MODEL FOR COMPARISON
A. What is the main claim of each theory?
B. How and when did the Earth form?
C. How and when did the largely granitic/sedimentary continents and the largely basaltic ocean basins form?
D. How and when did sedimentary rock strata form?
E. How and when did mountains form?
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
MODELS: MS: Mainstream; ET: Expansion Tectonics; GM: Growing Matter; ST: Surge Tectonics; EU: Electric Universe; EM: Earth Metamorphism; ES: Electrostatic Universe; SD: Shock Dynamics
A. MAIN CLAIM: What is the main claim of each theory?
1. MS: Mantle convection forms plate extensions at ocean ridges and subducts them at subduction zones.
2. ET: Earth's radius has doubled in the past 200 million years, probably via solar wind & cosmic ray input.
2a. ET2: Earth's radius has doubled in the past 200 million years, probably via expansion of neutronium in Earth's core without mass increase.
2b. GM: There was no Big Bang. 98.8% of Earth’s matter consists of 8 elements that started the planet, heated the planet, and has doubled the planet’s radius twice in less than a billion years.
3. ST: Earth has shrunk greatly and densification has caused continental lands to sink as ocean basins and surge channels have caused orogenesis etc.
4. EU: Earth works as a ring-to-ring multiple phase energy step down solar transformer. Electrical forces formed the Earth and its features, including the Atlantic Ocean basin, fossils & sedimentary rock. Stars and planets form from galactic electric currents, which continue to power stars after formation.
4a. EU3: Electric currents from ocean trenches formed mountain ranges on the continents.
5. EMM: 3.9 billion years ago during the LHB (Late Heavy Bombardment) the Earth at about 2.7 AU was hit by an icy impactor that formed Earth's granitic continental crust, tilted Earth's axis, created the asteroid belt and moved Earth to the Moon's orbit at 1 AU.
5. ESU: The electrostatic force is the fundamental force in the macrocosm; vast implosions form stars & planets with CFDLs, current-free electric double-layers.
6. SD: A large asteroid impact broke up the supercontinent, causing rapid continental drift, orogenesis, volcanism, glaciation, etc.
B. EARTH FORMATION: How and when did the Earth form?
1. MS: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
2. ET: >4 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~4.5 Ga (EARTH formed from) Dark Matter Conversion to 8 Elements
3. ST: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
4. EU: [?] Ga (EARTH formed from) Galactic Filament Z-Pinch Implosion
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Parallel Galactic Filament Z-Pinches about the Sun or Ejection from the Sun
6. ESU: ~380 Ma (EARTH formed from) Galactic Filament Static Electrical Implosion
7. SD: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
C. CRUST FORMATION: How and when did the largely granitic/sedimentary continents and the largely basaltic ocean basins form?
1. MS: ~3.9-0 Ga (All CRUST formed from) Mantle Convection
2. ET: ~4-0 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling Basalt/Granite
2. ET: ~250-0 Ma (Ocean CRUST formed from) Basalt Expansion
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~200-0 Ma (Ocean CRUST formed from) Ocean Basin Expansion & some Continental Expansion
3. ST: ~4-0 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling
3. ST: ~4-0 Ga (Ocean CRUST formed from) Densification & Sinking of Continental Crust
4. EU: ~750-0 Ma (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling
4. EU: [?] Ma (All CRUST formed from) Periodic Electric Heating/Expansion & Cooling/Contraction
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~4.2-3.6 Ga (Basalt CRUST formed from) Cooling
5. EMM: ~3.6 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Large Impact
5. EMM: ~3.6-0 Ga (Ocean CRUST formed from) Mantle Convection
6. ESU: ~380 & 200-0 Ma (Basalt CRUST formed from) Stellar Decay & Cooling
6. ESU: ~380 & 200-0 Ma (Cont. CRUST formed from) SD Major Impact
7. SD: ~4.6 Ga (Basalt CRUST formed from) Cooling
7. SD: >1<4 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) SD Major Impact
D. SEDIMENTARY STRATA: How and when did sedimentary rock strata form?
1. MS: ~200-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
2. ET: ~3.9-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~1.4-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Crustal Cooling in Layers
3. ST: ~3.9-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
4. EU: [?] Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition and/or Electric Discharge Machining Deposition
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~300-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition, Volcanism, and Cataclysmic Events
6. ESU: ~200-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
7. SD: <40 ka (Paleozoic/Mesozoic STRATA formed from) Global Flood from Meteorite Swarm
7. SD: <12 ka (Cenozoic STRATA formed from) SD Major Impact
E. MOUNTAINS: How and when did mountains form?
1. MS: ~200-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Slow Plate Collisions
2. ET: ~2-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Uplift from Increasing Radius Curvature (& Weathering)
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~220-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Increasing Earth Radius Curvature & Weathering
3. ST: ~220-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Shrinking Earth Radius Curvature
4. EU: [?] Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) External Electric Discharge Expansion from solar wind or planetoidal close encounters
4a. EU2: [?] Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Internal Electric Discharge Expansion from ocean trenches
5. EMM: ~3.6-0 Ga (MOUNTAINS formed from) Slow Plate Collisions & External Electric Discharge
6. ESU: ~200-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Fast Plate Collisions
7. SD: <12 ka (MOUNTAINS formed from) Fast Plate Collisions
III. INITIAL REQUESTS FOR EACH MODEL
MODELS: MS: Mainstream; ET: Expansion Tectonics; GM: Growing Matter; ST: Surge Tectonics; EU: Electric Universe; EM: Earth Metamorphism; ES: Electrostatic Universe; SD: Shock Dynamics
FOR MAINSTREAM WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of mantle convection
b. calculations showing that convection has enough power to raise mountains
c. evidence that continental crust can sink into denser mantle material.
FOR EXPANSION TECTONICS WE REQUEST:
a. an explanation of the solar wind / cosmic rays Earth expansion mechanism and why it's probable
b. a diagram and a calculation of the mechanism
c. a map showing where present Pacific boundaries adjoined on pre-expansion Small Earth & data showing similar biology & geology on adjoining areas.
FOR EXPANSION TECTONICS #2 WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of neutronium & its expansion
b. an explanation of the neutronium expansion mechanism and why it's probable
c. same as c above.
FOR GROWING MATTER WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of dark matter & of matter expansion via ionization potential
b. an explanation of the dark matter to matter expansion mechanism and why it's probable
c. confirmation that no other means of Earth's spin rate reduction, besides mass increase, such as electromagnetic braking, is probable
d. same as previous c above.
FOR SURGE TECTONICS WE REQUEST:
a. a supporter to defend the model.
FOR ELECTRIC UNIVERSE WE REQUEST:
a. calculations of the precise conditions needed to produce the needed size of arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. specifying which strata & fossils were affected & to what distances, shown on a map
c. an explanation of how sedimentaton occurred
d. a comparison with known lightning trenches & an explanation of why no smaller meandering trench is found on the Atlantic seafloor.
FOR ELECTRIC UNIVERSE #2 WE REQUEST:
a. calculations of the precise conditions needed to produce the needed size of arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. specifying which types of mountains were affected & how
c. evidentiary cross-sections &/or on-site data.
FOR EARTH METAMORPHOSIS WE REQUEST:
a. specifying which features were caused by impacts & which by arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. calculations showing sizes & velocities of impactors
c. calculations showing sizes, distances & charges of bodies that produced arc blasts (or megalightning)
d. identification of the dwarf star system on a sky photo map
IV. DISCUSSIONS LINKS
EARTH Theories
cnps.boards.net/thread/9/earth-theories
EARTH Theories Debate
cnps.boards.net/thread/10/earth-theories-debate
Earth Theories Debate #2
cnps.boards.net/thread/21/earth-theories-debate-2
Earth Theories Debate #3 & 4 & Proofs Needed
cnps.boards.net/thread/22/earth-theories-debate-proofs-needed
Prove Plate Tectonics
cnps.boards.net/thread/29/prove-plate-tectonics
Prove Expansion Tectonics
cnps.boards.net/thread/27/prove-expansion-tectonics
Prove Electric Universe Earth
cnps.boards.net/thread/31/prove-electric-universe-earth
TECTONIC UPLIFT by Solar Eruptions
cnps.boards.net/thread/38/tectonic-uplift-solar-eruptions
EU Mountains
cnps.boards.net/thread/23/eu-mountains
EU Meteors
cnps.boards.net/thread/26/eu-meteors
Prove Earth Metamorphosis
cnps.boards.net/thread/30/prove-earth-metamorphosis
Prove Electrostatic Universe Model
cnps.boards.net/thread/40/prove-electrostatic-universe-model
Prove Shock Dynamics
cnps.boards.net/thread/28/prove-shock-dynamics
Supercontinent Evolution
cnps.boards.net/thread/39/supercontinent-evolution
by Lloyd Kinder
This project was conceived by Bruce Nappi last summer, 2017, for the purpose of studying possible means of improving scientific method for CNPS. Bruce allowed me to lead the project and to choose what science topic to cover from a small list. I chose Earth Theories and we decided that the project would review James Maxlow's Expansion Tectonics model (popular among CNPS members) and compare it with other Earth Theories, as well as to consider possible experiments to prove or disprove models. I invited numerous theorists to join in a discussion of Earth Theories. Here is a summary of highlights and an evaluation of models.
I. MODELS
II. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR COMPARISON OF MODELS
III. REQUESTS FOR EACH MODEL
IV. DISCUSSIONS LINKS
V. MODELS CONSIDERED FAIRLY COMPLETE
I. EARTH MODELS __ PROPONENTS & __ WEBSITE SOURCES
1. MS: Mainstream __ John Weirich [& Doug Ettinger at #7] & Wikipedia __ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics
2. ET: Expansion Tectonics __ James Maxlow __ www.expansiontectonics.com
2a. ET2: Expansion Tectonics __ David Noel __ www.aoi.com.au/EP/EP303.htm
2b. GM: Growing Matter __ Eugene Ellis __ ionic-expanding-earth.Weebly.com
3. ST: Surge Tectonics __ Dong Choi __ ncgt.org __ forums.naturalphilosophy.org/showthread.php?tid=113
4. EU: Electric Universe __ Bruce Leybourne & Robert Farrar __ iascc.org __ holoscience.com __ thunderbolts.info __ www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=16534
4a. EU2: Andy Hall __ andrewdhall.wordpress.com/2016/06/05/arc-blast __ thedailyplasma.blog/2016/09/16/arc-blast-part-one
5. EMM: Earth Metamorphosis __ Doug Ettinger __ EttingerJournals.com
6. ESU: Electrostatic Universe __ Charles Chandler __ qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=6031
7. SD: Shock Dynamics __ Mike Fischer __ NewGeology.us __ (LK1-4) funday.createaforum.com/index.php
II. QUESTIONS FOR EACH MODEL FOR COMPARISON
A. What is the main claim of each theory?
B. How and when did the Earth form?
C. How and when did the largely granitic/sedimentary continents and the largely basaltic ocean basins form?
D. How and when did sedimentary rock strata form?
E. How and when did mountains form?
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
MODELS: MS: Mainstream; ET: Expansion Tectonics; GM: Growing Matter; ST: Surge Tectonics; EU: Electric Universe; EM: Earth Metamorphism; ES: Electrostatic Universe; SD: Shock Dynamics
A. MAIN CLAIM: What is the main claim of each theory?
1. MS: Mantle convection forms plate extensions at ocean ridges and subducts them at subduction zones.
2. ET: Earth's radius has doubled in the past 200 million years, probably via solar wind & cosmic ray input.
2a. ET2: Earth's radius has doubled in the past 200 million years, probably via expansion of neutronium in Earth's core without mass increase.
2b. GM: There was no Big Bang. 98.8% of Earth’s matter consists of 8 elements that started the planet, heated the planet, and has doubled the planet’s radius twice in less than a billion years.
3. ST: Earth has shrunk greatly and densification has caused continental lands to sink as ocean basins and surge channels have caused orogenesis etc.
4. EU: Earth works as a ring-to-ring multiple phase energy step down solar transformer. Electrical forces formed the Earth and its features, including the Atlantic Ocean basin, fossils & sedimentary rock. Stars and planets form from galactic electric currents, which continue to power stars after formation.
4a. EU3: Electric currents from ocean trenches formed mountain ranges on the continents.
5. EMM: 3.9 billion years ago during the LHB (Late Heavy Bombardment) the Earth at about 2.7 AU was hit by an icy impactor that formed Earth's granitic continental crust, tilted Earth's axis, created the asteroid belt and moved Earth to the Moon's orbit at 1 AU.
5. ESU: The electrostatic force is the fundamental force in the macrocosm; vast implosions form stars & planets with CFDLs, current-free electric double-layers.
6. SD: A large asteroid impact broke up the supercontinent, causing rapid continental drift, orogenesis, volcanism, glaciation, etc.
B. EARTH FORMATION: How and when did the Earth form?
1. MS: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
2. ET: >4 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~4.5 Ga (EARTH formed from) Dark Matter Conversion to 8 Elements
3. ST: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
4. EU: [?] Ga (EARTH formed from) Galactic Filament Z-Pinch Implosion
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Parallel Galactic Filament Z-Pinches about the Sun or Ejection from the Sun
6. ESU: ~380 Ma (EARTH formed from) Galactic Filament Static Electrical Implosion
7. SD: ~4.6 Ga (EARTH formed from) Nebular Hypothesis Gravitational Accretion
C. CRUST FORMATION: How and when did the largely granitic/sedimentary continents and the largely basaltic ocean basins form?
1. MS: ~3.9-0 Ga (All CRUST formed from) Mantle Convection
2. ET: ~4-0 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling Basalt/Granite
2. ET: ~250-0 Ma (Ocean CRUST formed from) Basalt Expansion
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~200-0 Ma (Ocean CRUST formed from) Ocean Basin Expansion & some Continental Expansion
3. ST: ~4-0 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling
3. ST: ~4-0 Ga (Ocean CRUST formed from) Densification & Sinking of Continental Crust
4. EU: ~750-0 Ma (Cont. CRUST formed from) Cooling
4. EU: [?] Ma (All CRUST formed from) Periodic Electric Heating/Expansion & Cooling/Contraction
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~4.2-3.6 Ga (Basalt CRUST formed from) Cooling
5. EMM: ~3.6 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) Large Impact
5. EMM: ~3.6-0 Ga (Ocean CRUST formed from) Mantle Convection
6. ESU: ~380 & 200-0 Ma (Basalt CRUST formed from) Stellar Decay & Cooling
6. ESU: ~380 & 200-0 Ma (Cont. CRUST formed from) SD Major Impact
7. SD: ~4.6 Ga (Basalt CRUST formed from) Cooling
7. SD: >1<4 Ga (Cont. CRUST formed from) SD Major Impact
D. SEDIMENTARY STRATA: How and when did sedimentary rock strata form?
1. MS: ~200-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
2. ET: ~3.9-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~1.4-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Crustal Cooling in Layers
3. ST: ~3.9-0 Ga (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
4. EU: [?] Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition and/or Electric Discharge Machining Deposition
4a. EU2:
5. EMM: ~300-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition, Volcanism, and Cataclysmic Events
6. ESU: ~200-0 Ma (STRATA formed from) Shallow Seas Deposition
7. SD: <40 ka (Paleozoic/Mesozoic STRATA formed from) Global Flood from Meteorite Swarm
7. SD: <12 ka (Cenozoic STRATA formed from) SD Major Impact
E. MOUNTAINS: How and when did mountains form?
1. MS: ~200-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Slow Plate Collisions
2. ET: ~2-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Uplift from Increasing Radius Curvature (& Weathering)
2a. ET2:
2b. GM: ~220-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Increasing Earth Radius Curvature & Weathering
3. ST: ~220-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Shrinking Earth Radius Curvature
4. EU: [?] Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) External Electric Discharge Expansion from solar wind or planetoidal close encounters
4a. EU2: [?] Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Internal Electric Discharge Expansion from ocean trenches
5. EMM: ~3.6-0 Ga (MOUNTAINS formed from) Slow Plate Collisions & External Electric Discharge
6. ESU: ~200-0 Ma (MOUNTAINS formed from) Fast Plate Collisions
7. SD: <12 ka (MOUNTAINS formed from) Fast Plate Collisions
III. INITIAL REQUESTS FOR EACH MODEL
MODELS: MS: Mainstream; ET: Expansion Tectonics; GM: Growing Matter; ST: Surge Tectonics; EU: Electric Universe; EM: Earth Metamorphism; ES: Electrostatic Universe; SD: Shock Dynamics
FOR MAINSTREAM WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of mantle convection
b. calculations showing that convection has enough power to raise mountains
c. evidence that continental crust can sink into denser mantle material.
FOR EXPANSION TECTONICS WE REQUEST:
a. an explanation of the solar wind / cosmic rays Earth expansion mechanism and why it's probable
b. a diagram and a calculation of the mechanism
c. a map showing where present Pacific boundaries adjoined on pre-expansion Small Earth & data showing similar biology & geology on adjoining areas.
FOR EXPANSION TECTONICS #2 WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of neutronium & its expansion
b. an explanation of the neutronium expansion mechanism and why it's probable
c. same as c above.
FOR GROWING MATTER WE REQUEST:
a. evidence of dark matter & of matter expansion via ionization potential
b. an explanation of the dark matter to matter expansion mechanism and why it's probable
c. confirmation that no other means of Earth's spin rate reduction, besides mass increase, such as electromagnetic braking, is probable
d. same as previous c above.
FOR SURGE TECTONICS WE REQUEST:
a. a supporter to defend the model.
FOR ELECTRIC UNIVERSE WE REQUEST:
a. calculations of the precise conditions needed to produce the needed size of arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. specifying which strata & fossils were affected & to what distances, shown on a map
c. an explanation of how sedimentaton occurred
d. a comparison with known lightning trenches & an explanation of why no smaller meandering trench is found on the Atlantic seafloor.
FOR ELECTRIC UNIVERSE #2 WE REQUEST:
a. calculations of the precise conditions needed to produce the needed size of arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. specifying which types of mountains were affected & how
c. evidentiary cross-sections &/or on-site data.
FOR EARTH METAMORPHOSIS WE REQUEST:
a. specifying which features were caused by impacts & which by arc blasts (or megalightning)
b. calculations showing sizes & velocities of impactors
c. calculations showing sizes, distances & charges of bodies that produced arc blasts (or megalightning)
d. identification of the dwarf star system on a sky photo map
IV. DISCUSSIONS LINKS
EARTH Theories
cnps.boards.net/thread/9/earth-theories
EARTH Theories Debate
cnps.boards.net/thread/10/earth-theories-debate
Earth Theories Debate #2
cnps.boards.net/thread/21/earth-theories-debate-2
Earth Theories Debate #3 & 4 & Proofs Needed
cnps.boards.net/thread/22/earth-theories-debate-proofs-needed
Prove Plate Tectonics
cnps.boards.net/thread/29/prove-plate-tectonics
Prove Expansion Tectonics
cnps.boards.net/thread/27/prove-expansion-tectonics
Prove Electric Universe Earth
cnps.boards.net/thread/31/prove-electric-universe-earth
TECTONIC UPLIFT by Solar Eruptions
cnps.boards.net/thread/38/tectonic-uplift-solar-eruptions
EU Mountains
cnps.boards.net/thread/23/eu-mountains
EU Meteors
cnps.boards.net/thread/26/eu-meteors
Prove Earth Metamorphosis
cnps.boards.net/thread/30/prove-earth-metamorphosis
Prove Electrostatic Universe Model
cnps.boards.net/thread/40/prove-electrostatic-universe-model
Prove Shock Dynamics
cnps.boards.net/thread/28/prove-shock-dynamics
Supercontinent Evolution
cnps.boards.net/thread/39/supercontinent-evolution